A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It dictates how bits are structured so that specific applications know exactly how to read and display the data. Document and Text Formats
.TXT (Plain Text): Contains raw characters without any formatting, fonts, or images, making it universally compatible across all operating systems.
.DOCX (Microsoft Word Document): An open XML-based compressed format used for word processing that supports complex formatting, images, and tables.
.PDF (Portable Document Format): Developed by Adobe to display documents reliably across any device or software, preserving the exact layout as intended for printing. Image Formats
.JPEG / .JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A lossy compressed format ideal for photographs because it balances rich color detail with a small file size for web use.
.PNG (Portable Network Graphics): A lossless format designed for web graphics that supports transparent backgrounds and crisp text edges.
.GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): A limited-color format restricted to 256 colors, primarily utilized for short, looping web animations.
.SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): A vector-based format that uses mathematical formulas instead of pixels, allowing graphics to scale to any size without losing quality. Audio and Video Formats Common file name extensions in Windows – Microsoft Support
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